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Vrubel's "Dab": yog vim li cas nws yog ib tug masterpiece

 

Vrubel's "Dab": yog vim li cas nws yog ib tug masterpiece

Xyoo 2007, kuv tau mus rau Vrubel Hall thawj zaug. Lub teeb yog muted. Tsaus phab ntsa. Koj mus cuag "Dab" thiab ... koj poob rau hauv lwm lub ntiaj teb no. Lub ntiaj teb uas muaj hwj chim thiab tu siab creatures nyob. Lub ntiaj teb uas lub ntuj xiav-liab tig paj loj heev rau pob zeb. Thiab qhov chaw zoo li lub kaleidoscope, thiab lub suab ntawm iav yog xav txog. 

Ib tug tshwj xeeb, muaj yeeb yuj, txaus nyiam dab zaum ntawm koj xub ntiag. 

Txawm hais tias koj tsis to taub tha xim, koj yuav hnov ​​​​lub zog colossal ntawm daim ntaub. 

Mikhail Vrubel (1856-1910) tswj hwm li cas thiaj tsim tau qhov txuj ci no? Nws yog txhua yam hais txog Lavxias teb sab renaissance, siv lead ua loj hlob, lub qhov muag loj, thiab lwm yam.

Lavxias teb sab Renaissance

Tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev uas "Dab" tuaj yeem yug ua ntej. Rau nws qhov tsos, xav tau ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb. Lavxias teb sab Renaissance.

Cia peb nco qab tias nws zoo li cas nrog cov neeg Italians thaum tig ntawm XNUMXth thiab XNUMXth centuries.

Florence vam meej. Cov tub lag luam thiab cov tub lag luam xav tsis tau nyiaj xwb, tab sis kuj muaj kev txaus siab ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Cov kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws, cov neeg pleev kob thiab cov sculptors tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, yog tias lawv tsim. 

Thawj thawj zaug nyob rau hauv ntau centuries secular neeg, tsis yog lub tsev teev ntuj, los ua cov neeg muas zaub. Thiab ib tug neeg los ntawm cov zej zog siab tsis xav pom lub tiaj tus, lub ntsej muag stereotyped thiab lub cev kaw ntom nti. Nws xav tau kev zoo nkauj. 

Yog li ntawd, Madonnas tau los ua tib neeg thiab zoo nkauj, nrog lub xub pwg nyom thiab lub qhov ntswg chiseled.

Vrubel's "Dab": yog vim li cas nws yog ib tug masterpiece
Raphael. Madonna hauv ntsuab (ntau yam). 1506 Kunthistorisches Tsev khaws puav pheej, Vienna

Cov kws ua yeeb yam Lavxias tau ntsib qee yam zoo sib xws hauv nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua XNUMXth. Ib feem ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse tau pib ua xyem xyav txog Vajtswv qhov xwm txheej ntawm Tswv Yexus. 

Ib txhia hais ceev faj, piav txog tus Cawm Seej ua neeg. Yog li ntawd, Kramskoy muaj ib tug tub ntawm Vajtswv tsis muaj ib tug halo, nrog lub ntsej muag haggard. 

Vrubel's "Dab": yog vim li cas nws yog ib tug masterpiece
Ivan Kramskoy: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? Tswv Yexus nyob tom roob moj sab qhua (fragment). Xyoo 1872 Tretyakov Gallery

Ib tug neeg tab tom nrhiav txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev tig mus rau cov dab neeg thiab cov duab pagan, zoo li Vasnetsov. 

Vrubel's "Dab": yog vim li cas nws yog ib tug masterpiece
Viktor Vasnetsov. Sirin thiab Alkonost. Xyoo 1896 Tretyakov Gallery

Vrubel ua raws tib txoj kev. Nws coj tus dab dab dab dab dab dab dab dab dab dab dab dab, thiab muab nws cov dab neeg. Nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj dab ntxwg nyoog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm horns thiab hooves nyob rau hauv daim duab. 

Tsuas yog lub npe ntawm lub canvas piav qhia txog leej twg nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm peb. Peb pom kev zoo nkauj ua ntej. Lub cev kis las tiv thaiv cov keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm thaj chaw zoo heev. Vim li cas ho tsis koj renaissance?

Dab poj ntxoog

Demon Vrubel yog tshwj xeeb. Thiab nws tsis yog qhov tsis muaj qhov muag liab thiab tus Tsov tus tw. 

Ua ntej peb yog Nephilim, ib tug tim tswv poob. Nws yog kev loj hlob loj, yog li nws tsis haum txawm tias nyob rau hauv daim duab. 

Nws clasped ntiv tes thiab slumped lub xub pwg nyom hais txog kev nyuaj siab. Nws nkees ua phem. Nws tsis pom qhov zoo nkauj nyob ib puag ncig nws, vim tsis muaj dab tsi txaus siab rau nws.

Nws muaj zog, tab sis lub zog no tsis muaj qhov mus. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub cev muaj zog, uas khov nyob rau hauv tus quab ntawm sab ntsuj plig tsis meej pem, yog qhov txawv heev.

Vrubel's "Dab": yog vim li cas nws yog ib tug masterpiece
Mikhail Vrubel. Seated Dab (fragment "Dab Ntxwg Nyoog"). Xyoo 1890

Thov nco ntsoov: Vrubel's Demon muaj lub ntsej muag txawv txawv. Loj qhov muag, plaub hau ntev, daim di ncauj puv. Txawm hais tias lub cev nqaij daim tawv, ib yam dab tsi feminine swb los ntawm nws. 

Vrubel nws tus kheej tau hais tias nws txhob txwm tsim cov duab androgynous. Tom qab tag nrho, ob leeg txiv neej thiab poj niam ntsuj plig tuaj yeem tsaus ntuj. Yog li nws daim duab yuav tsum muab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob qho tib si poj niam txiv neej.

Dab Kaleidoscope

Vrubel's contemporaries tsis ntseeg tias "Dab" hais txog kev pleev xim. Yog li ntawd nws txoj hauj lwm tau sau txawv txawv.

Tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm ib nrab nrog rab riam palette (ib lub spatula hlau kom tshem tawm cov xim ntau dhau), siv cov duab fractionally. Qhov saum npoo zoo li kaleidoscope lossis siv lead ua.

Cov txheej txheem no matured nrog tus tswv tau ntev. Nws tus viv ncaus Anna nco qab tias Vrubel txaus siab rau kev loj hlob muaju ntawm lub gymnasium.

Thiab nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, nws kawm nrog cov artist Pavel Chistyakov. Nws qhia kom faib qhov chaw rau hauv cov npoo, nrhiav ntim. Vrubel zoo siab txais yuav txoj kev no, raws li nws mus zoo nrog nws cov tswv yim.

Vrubel's "Dab": yog vim li cas nws yog ib tug masterpiece
Mikhail Vrubel. Portrait of V.A. Usoltseva. Xyoo 1905

Cov xim zoo heev "Dab"

Vrubel's "Dab": yog vim li cas nws yog ib tug masterpiece
Vrubel. Nthuav dav ntawm painting "Seated Demon". Xyoo 1890

Vrubel yog ib tug neeg tsis paub qab hau. Nws ua tau ntau heev. Piv txwv li, siv tsuas yog dawb thiab dub los tsim kom muaj kev nkag siab ntawm cov xim vim yog cov subtlest ntxoov grey.

Thiab thaum koj nco txog "Hnub Tamara thiab Dab", ces nws yog kos rau hauv koj lub tswv yim xim.

Vrubel's "Dab": yog vim li cas nws yog ib tug masterpiece
Mikhail Vrubel. Hnub tim ntawm Tamara thiab Dab. Xyoo 1890 Tretyakov Gallery

Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias tus tswv no tsim cov xim txawv txawv, zoo ib yam li Vasnetsovsky. Nco ntsoov lub ntuj txawv txawv nyob rau hauv Peb Princesses? 

Vrubel's "Dab": yog vim li cas nws yog ib tug masterpiece
Viktor Vasnetsov. Peb tus ntxhais huabtais ntawm lub ntiajteb sab hauv. Xyoo 1881 Tretyakov Gallery

Txawm hais tias Vrubel muaj tricolor: xiav - daj - liab, qhov ntxoov ntxoo txawv txawv. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMXth, cov duab no tsis nkag siab. "Dab" Vrubel hu ua rude, clumsy.

Tab sis thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMXth, nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm modernity, Vrubel twb idolized. Xws li originality ntawm cov xim thiab cov duab tsuas yog txais tos. Thiab tus kws kos duab tau los ua ze rau cov pej xeem. Tam sim no nws tau muab piv nrog xws li "eccentrics" li Matisse и Picasso. 

Vrubel's "Dab": yog vim li cas nws yog ib tug masterpiece

"Dab" raws li ib tug obsession

10 xyoo tom qab "Seated Demon", Vrubel tsim lub "Defeated Demon". Thiab nws thiaj li tshwm sim tias thaum kawg ntawm txoj haujlwm no, tus kws kos duab tau xaus rau hauv lub tsev kho mob puas siab puas ntsws.

Yog li ntawd, nws ntseeg tias "Dab" yeej Vrubel, tsav nws vwm. 

Kuv tsis xav li ntawd. 

Vrubel's "Dab": yog vim li cas nws yog ib tug masterpiece
Mikhail Vrubel. Dab swb lawm. Xyoo 1902 Tretyakov Gallery

Nws txaus siab rau daim duab no, thiab nws ua haujlwm rau nws. Nws yog qhov tshwm sim rau tus kws kos duab rov qab mus rau tib daim duab ob peb zaug. 

Yog li, Munch rov qab mus rau "Scream" tom qab 17 xyoo. 

Claude Monet tau pleev xim rau ntau qhov qauv ntawm Rouen Cathedral, thiab Rembrandt pleev xim rau kaum ob ntawm nws tus kheej-portraits thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej. 

Tib daim duab no pab tus kws kos duab tso cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm lub sijhawm. Tom qab ob peb xyoos, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tus tswv los ntsuas qhov hloov pauv raws li qhov kev paub dhau los.

Yog hais tias peb muab txhua yam mystical, ces "Dab" tsis yog rau txim rau Vrubel tus mob. Txhua yam yog ntau prosaic. 

Vrubel's "Dab": yog vim li cas nws yog ib tug masterpiece
Mikhail Vrubel. Self-portrait nrog pearl plhaub. Xyoo 1905 Russia Museum

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 90s ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo, nws tau cog lus syphilis. Tom qab ntawd tsis muaj tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob - daj ntseg treponema - ua nws txoj haujlwm. 

Hauv 10-15 xyoo tom qab kis kab mob, lub hauv paus paj hlwb cuam tshuam rau cov neeg mob. Kev ntxhov siab, nco tsis tau, thiab tom qab ntawd delirium thiab hnov ​​​​lus. Cov hlab ntsha optic kuj atrophy. Tag nrho qhov no thaum kawg tshwm sim rau Vrubel. 

Nws tuag xyoo 1910. Nws tseem yog 18 xyoo ua ntej invention ntawm penicillin.

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Комментарии lwm tus nyeem saib hauv qab no. Lawv feem ntau yog ib qho zoo ntxiv rau ib tsab xov xwm. Koj tseem tuaj yeem qhia koj qhov kev xav txog kev kos duab thiab tus kws kos duab, nrog rau nug tus sau lo lus nug.

Lus Askiv version ntawm tsab xov xwm