Hieronymus Bosch Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Tshaj. 5 feem ntau nthuav puzzles ntawm daim duab
Txheem:
- 1. Vim li cas ib tug neeg txhaum hauv ntuj txiag teb tsaus zoo ib yam li Eva nyob hauv lub Vaj Kaj Siab?
- 2. Cov neeg zoo li cas hauv lub Vaj Kaj Siab uas zaum hauv lub qhov taub?
- 3. Vim li cas Bosch cov dab, zoo li "hodgepodge", muaj cov khoom sib txawv?
- 4. Dab tsi yog lub cim ntawm rab riam loj hauv ntuj txiag teb tsaus?
- 5. Lub ntsiab lus tsis meej ntawm Bosch cov duab kos: vim li cas nws thiaj li muaj ntau yam ntsiab lus?
Bosch's "Garden of Earthly Delights" yog cov duab zoo kawg nkaus ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog. Nws yog saturated nrog cov cim uas yog incomprehensible rau niaj hnub txiv neej. Yuav ua li cas tag nrho cov noog loj thiab berries, monsters thiab zoo heev tsiaj txhais tau li cas? Qhov twg yog ob peb slutty tshaj plaws nkaum? Thiab cov ntawv zoo li cas yog pleev xim rau ntawm lub nroog Yeiuxalees ntawm ib tug neeg txhaum?
Nrhiav cov lus teb hauv cov lus:
Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights. Dab tsi yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab zoo heev ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog.
"7 ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab" Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Tshaj "los ntawm Bosch."
Sab saum toj 5 paub tsis meej ntawm Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights.
site “Diary of painting. Hauv txhua daim duab muaj ib zaj dab neeg, txoj hmoo, tsis paub. "
» data-medium-file=»https://i1.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/image-39.jpeg?fit=595%2C318&ssl=1″ data-large-file=”https://i1.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/image-39.jpeg?fit=900%2C481&ssl=1″ loading = "tub nkeeg" class="wp-image-3857 size-full" title="Hieronymus Bosch "Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Delights". 5 qhov txaus nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab" src="https://i1.wp.com/arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/image-39.jpeg?resize=900%2C481&ssl=1 ″ alt =" Hieronymus Bosch "Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Tshaj." 5 feem ntau nthuav tsis meej ntawm cov duab" dav = "900" qhov siab="481" qhov ntau thiab tsawg="(max-dav: 900px) 100vw, 900px" data-recalc-dims="1" />
Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights (1510) yog ib qho ntawm cov duab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws uas tau ua. Nws tsis tshua muaj leej twg indifferent.
Tab sis txij li nws tau tsim 500 xyoo dhau los, nws lub ntsiab lus tsis meej rau peb. Tom qab tag nrho, lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub saib yog txawv heev ntawm medieval ib, raws li kev ntseeg orthodox. Yog li ntawd, Bosch's "rebus" tsuas yog daws tau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws lub sijhawm.
Nov yog qhov kuv yuav sim ua los ntawm kev teb 5 nqe lus nug ntawm daim duab.
1. Vim li cas ib tug neeg txhaum hauv ntuj txiag teb tsaus zoo ib yam li Eva nyob hauv lub Vaj Kaj Siab?
Kuv pom tias tib tug poj niam pom ntawm tag nrho peb tis ntawm triptych. Eve nyob rau lub Vaj Kaj Siab zoo ib yam li tus poj niam nyob hauv lub vaj kaj siab thiab rau ib tug ntawm cov neeg txhaum hauv ntuj txiag teb tsaus.
Bosch yog ib tug neeg ntseeg, yog li nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab los qhia "txoj kev ntawm ntuj ceeb tsheej mus rau ntuj txiag teb tsaus" ntawm thawj tus neeg txhaum hauv ntiaj teb.
Nyeem txog qhov no kom ntxaws ntxiv hauv tsab xov xwm "5 qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws ntawm Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights".
Kuj nyeem txog daim duab hauv kab lus:
"Dab tsi yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm Bosch cov duab zoo tshaj plaws"
7 Qhov Tsis Txaus Ntseeg Tsis Txaus Ntseeg ntawm Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Tshaj.
site "Painting nyob ze: txog paintings thiab tsev cia puav pheej yog ib qho yooj yim thiab nthuav".
"data-medium-file="https://i2.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/image-19.jpeg?fit=444%2C658&ssl=1″ data-large-file="https://i2.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/image-19.jpeg?fit=444%2C658&ssl=1" loading =”tub nkeeg” class=”wp-image-1389″ title=”Hieronymus Bosch “Lub Vaj Ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Tshaj”. 5 qhov txaus nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab” src=”https://i1.wp.com/arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/image-19.jpeg?resize=480%2C711″ alt =” Hieronymus Bosch Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Siab. 5 feem ntau nthuav puzzles ntawm lub painting" width="480" height="711" data-recalc-dims="1" />
Raws li peb paub los ntawm phau Vajlugkub, Eva noj txiv apples los ntawm tsob ntoo txwv tsis pub ua kom zoo li Vajtswv, paub qhov zoo thiab qhov phem. Nws tsis mloog nws tus Creator, succumbing rau thawj tib neeg kev txhaum - kev khav theeb.
Eva hloov siab lees txim, tiam sis lig dhau lawm. Kev ntiab tawm ntawm lub Vaj Kaj Siab yog kev zam. Vajtswv txib kom Eva thiab Adas ua lawv lub neej hauv ntiaj teb no thiab mus rau ntuj txiag teb tsaus, qhov chaw uas lawv yuav siv ntau tshaj 5000 xyoo ua ntej yuav Los.
Nyeem txog nws nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm "Lub 5 Qhov Tsis Txaus Ntseeg Txaus Ntshai Tshaj Plaws ntawm Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights".
site "Painting nyob ze: txog paintings thiab tsev cia puav pheej yog ib qho yooj yim thiab nthuav".
» data-medium-file=»https://i2.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/image-28.jpeg?fit=595%2C792&ssl=1″ data-large-file=”https://i2.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/image-28.jpeg?fit=782%2C1041&ssl=1″ loading = "tub nkeeg" class="wp-image-1416" title="Hieronymus Bosch "Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Tshaj". 5 ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab" src="https://i1.wp.com/arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/image-28.jpeg?resize=480%2C639 ″ alt=" Hieronymus Bosch "Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Tshaj." 5 feem ntau nthuav paub tsis meej ntawm daim duab" width="480" height="639" sizes="(max-dav: 480px) 100vw, 480px" data-recalc-dims="1" />
Nyob rau hauv lub vaj kaj siab, Eva tsis koom nrog qhov tshwm sim. Nws txo nws lub qhov muag thaum nws hloov siab lees txim ntawm nws txoj kev txhaum. Nws hnav ib lub paj pob tshab rau ntawm nws lub taub hau. Tej zaum qhov no yog ib qho cim ntawm kev sib cais thiab tsis kam hais ib yam dab tsi, zoo li tus neeg txo hwj chim.
Nyeem ntxiv txog tus neeg txhaum no thiab vim li cas nws zoo li Eve los ntawm Lub Vaj Kaj Siab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm "5 Qhov Tsis Txaus Siab Tshaj Plaws Tshaj Plaws ntawm Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights".
site "Painting nyob ze: txog paintings thiab tsev cia puav pheej yog ib qho yooj yim thiab nthuav".
» data-medium-file=»https://i0.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/image-20.jpeg?fit=595%2C740&ssl=1″ data-large-file=”https://i0.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/image-20.jpeg?fit=654%2C813&ssl=1″ loading = "tub nkeeg" class="wp-image-1390" title="Hieronymus Bosch "Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Tshaj". 5 ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab" src="https://i2.wp.com/arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/image-20.jpeg?resize=480%2C597 ″ alt=" Hieronymus Bosch "Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Tshaj." 5 feem ntau nthuav paub tsis meej ntawm daim duab" width="480" height="597" sizes="(max-dav: 480px) 100vw, 480px" data-recalc-dims="1" />
Tiamsis qhov kev rau txim yog kev zam, thiab Eva mus txog rau hauv ntuj txiag teb tsaus. Ntawm no nws raug txim rau nws txoj kev khav theeb. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau saib nws qhov kev xav rau lub sijhawm ntev heev kom nws txoj kev txo hwj chim tsis muaj qhov kawg. Nws muaj ib tug toad nyob rau hauv nws lub hauv siab, uas nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog kuj yog ib lub cim ntawm swagger thiab unresonable vanity.
Nyob rau hauv ntuj txiag teb tsaus, Eva tej zaum lub ntsej muag txo hwj chim tshaj plaws. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis zoo li lwm tus, nws paub tias nws yuav tuaj ntawm no.
2. Cov neeg zoo li cas hauv lub Vaj Kaj Siab uas zaum hauv lub qhov taub?
Nyob rau hauv lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub vaj ntawm Delights (lub hauv paus ib feem ntawm lub triptych) peb pom peb tus neeg saib tawm ntawm lub dugout. Lawv lub cev yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce plaub hau. Lawv yog leej twg?
Nyeem txog nws nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm "Lub 5 Qhov Tsis Txaus Ntseeg Txaus Ntshai Tshaj Plaws ntawm Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights".
site "Painting nyob ze: txog paintings thiab tsev cia puav pheej yog ib qho yooj yim thiab nthuav".
» data-medium-file=»https://i1.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/image-21.jpeg?fit=595%2C869&ssl=1″ data-large-file=”https://i1.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/image-21.jpeg?fit=623%2C910&ssl=1″ loading = "tub nkeeg" class="wp-image-1394" title="Hieronymus Bosch "Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Tshaj". 5 ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab" src="https://i2.wp.com/arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/image-21.jpeg?resize=490%2C716 ″ alt=" Hieronymus Bosch "Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Tshaj." 5 feem ntau nthuav paub tsis meej ntawm daim duab" width="490" height="716" sizes="(max-dav: 490px) 100vw, 490px" data-recalc-dims="1" />
Thaj, cov no yog cov neeg qus. Cov neeg qus tau pom liab qab, nws lub cev yog tag nrho cov plaub hau, tshwj tsis yog lub ntsej muag thiab caj dab, tes, taw, hauv caug thiab ob lub mis ntawm cov poj niam.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg qus yog ib qho nyiam nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Lawv cov duab feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau ntawm tapestries thiab tais diav ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog.
Rau cov neeg zoo tib yam, lawv yog cov neeg siab phem, muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua ntawm kev hlub thiab lub neej feem ntau. Tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, Bosch tau piav qhia lawv hauv ib daim duab uas tau mob siab rau kev txhaum ntawm voluptuousness. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv yog lub cim ntawm kev mob siab rau thiab lub cev kev lom zem.
Los ntawm txoj kev, tus txiv neej qus nyob rau hauv Bosch lub painting yog heev zoo ib yam li cov neeg siab phem los ntawm cov me me ntawm Jean Bourdichon (1457-1521), ib tug illustrator ntawm psalters thiab teev cov phau ntawv ntawm lub 15th-16th centuries.
Nyeem txog nws nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm "Lub 5 Qhov Tsis Txaus Ntseeg Txaus Ntshai Tshaj Plaws ntawm Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights".
site "Painting nyob ze: txog paintings thiab tsev cia puav pheej yog ib qho yooj yim thiab nthuav".
» data-medium-file=»https://i2.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/image-33.jpeg?fit=595%2C866&ssl=1″ data-large-file=”https://i2.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/image-33.jpeg?fit=687%2C1000&ssl=1″ loading = "tub nkeeg" class="wp-image-1431" title="Hieronymus Bosch "Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Tshaj". 5 ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab" src="https://i2.wp.com/arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/image-33.jpeg?resize=490%2C713 ″ alt=" Hieronymus Bosch "Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Tshaj." 5 feem ntau nthuav paub tsis meej ntawm daim duab" width="490" height="713" sizes="(max-dav: 490px) 100vw, 490px" data-recalc-dims="1" />
Kuv tuaj yeem xav tias Bourdichon cov duab kos tau tsim ua ntej "Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Delights" thiab raug coj los ntawm Bosch ua lub hauv paus rau kev sau nws cov neeg qus.
3. Vim li cas Bosch cov dab, zoo li "hodgepodge", muaj cov khoom sib txawv?
Bosch Hell yog tag nrho ntawm cov dab. Dab tsi yog nws tsim nyog dab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nrog ib tug tib neeg lub ntsej muag, lub hollow qe lub cev thiab ntoo ceg. Cov me me tsis muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws, xws li, piv txwv li, ib tug tsiaj nrog ib tug noog lub taub hau, npauj npaim tis thiab peb ntiv tes ceg (ntawm ceg-ntoo ntawm dab-qe).
Nws yog ib qho axiom rau Bosch lub caij nyoog uas txhua tus neeg raug tsim nyob rau hauv daim duab thiab zoo li Vajtswv. Thiab txhua yam uas muaj lub ntsej muag txaus ntshai thiab tsis zoo yog dab ntxwg nyoog cov xeeb ntxwv.
Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txhawm rau hais txog qhov xwm txheej diabolical ntawm tus tsiaj kom ntau li ntau tau, nws tau piav qhia raws li theem taub hau li sai tau. Thiab qhov no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev txuas cov ntses tails rau hares, thiab rau cov noog - qwj siv lub taub hau.
Yog tias koj qhib ib phau ntawv ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog, ntawm nws nplooj ntawv koj yuav pom ntau tus neeg tsim qauv coj txawv txawv.
Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv xwb:
Thaum lub sijhawm Bosch, feem ntau muaj ntau cov duab ntawm monsters thiab monstrous creatures. Kuv tuaj hla ib qho me me los ntawm phau ntawv saib medieval, tsim txawm tias ua ntej yug ntawm Bosch.
Ntawm nws peb pom ntuj raug txim, teeming nrog dab. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv lawv li niaj zaus daim ntawv - dab ntxwg nyoog nrog horns thiab tails. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm lawv muaj ib tug dab heev nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm Bosch.
Nyob rau sab laug peb pom ib tug dab tho ib tug neeg txhaum nrog ib tug trident. Nws zoo li ib tug ya tsis muaj tis, nrog ib tug hneev thiab ib tug noog lub beak.
Tej zaum nws yog cov duab kos uas tau tshoov siab rau Bosch los tsim nws tus kheej "Hnub Tuag".
Nyeem txog qhov no kom ntxaws ntxiv hauv tsab xov xwm "5 Qhov Tsis Txaus Ntseeg Txaus Ntshai Tshaj Plaws ntawm Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights".
site “Diary of painting. Hauv txhua daim duab muaj ib zaj dab neeg, txoj hmoo, tsis paub. "
» data-medium-file=»https://i0.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/image-33.jpeg?fit=595%2C593&ssl=1″ data-large-file=”https://i0.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/image-33.jpeg?fit=900%2C897&ssl=1″ loading = "tub nkeeg" class="wp-image-3823 size-medium" title="Hieronymus Bosch "Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Delights". 5 qhov txaus nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab" src="https://i2.wp.com/arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/image-33-595×593.jpeg?resize=595 %2C593&ssl =1″ alt=”Hieronymus Bosch “Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Siab.” 5 feem ntau nthuav tsis meej ntawm daim duab" dav = "595" qhov siab="593" qhov ntau thiab tsawg="(max-dav: 595px) 100vw, 595px" data-recalc-dims="1" />
Nyeem txog dab ntxwg nyoog ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm Bosch los ntawm Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Delights hauv kab lus "Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws monsters ntawm daim duab."
4. Dab tsi yog lub cim ntawm rab riam loj hauv ntuj txiag teb tsaus?
Hauv Bosch Hell, peb pom ntau rab riam loj. Thaum lub sij hawm tus kws kos duab, riam tau siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub chav ua noj, tab sis kuj rau txim tub sab. Lawv txiav lawv pob ntseg. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov riam muaj nyob hauv ntuj raug txim nrog lub pob ntseg loj heev rau khau raj.
Tab sis lub cim zoo li cas hauv daim ntawv ntawm tsab ntawv "M" lossis tsab ntawv "B" nyob rau ntawm cov riam no?
Nyob rau hauv lub 15th thiab 16th centuries, riam tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub artist lub hometown ntawm Hertongenbosch, uas kuj tau muag sab nraum Holland. Yog li, lawv tau raug xa tawm mus rau Spain thiab Scandinavia. Cov riam no tau muaj npe.
Yog li, kuv tuaj yeem xav tias nws yuav yog tsab ntawv "B", raws li thawj tsab ntawv ntawm lub npe luv ntawm lub nroog. Qhov kos npe ntawm rab riam no kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv lwm yam hauj lwm los ntawm Bosch, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv painting "Lub Xeem Txiav Txim".
Nrhiav cov lus teb nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm "Lub 5 Feem Ntau Cov Tsis Txaus Ntseeg Txaus Ntshai ntawm Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights".
site "Painting nyob ze: txog paintings thiab tsev cia puav pheej yog ib qho yooj yim thiab nthuav".
» data-medium-file=»https://i1.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/image.jpeg?fit=595%2C811&ssl=1″ data- loj-file =”https://i1.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/image.jpeg?fit=900%2C1227&ssl=1″ loading=”lazy” class="wp-image-1470" title="Hieronymus Bosch "Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Tshaj". 5 qhov txaus nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab" src="https://i1.wp.com/arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/image.jpeg?resize=490%2C668″ alt=" Hieronymus Bosch "Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Delights." 5 feem ntau nthuav tsis meej ntawm daim duab" dav = "490" qhov siab="668" qhov ntau thiab tsawg="(max-dav: 490px) 100vw, 490px" data-recalc-dims="1" />
5. Lub ntsiab lus tsis meej ntawm Bosch cov duab kos: vim li cas nws thiaj li muaj ntau yam ntsiab lus?
Txhua tus neeg uas tau pom Bosch cov duab kos tau raug ntaus los ntawm cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Twb muaj ntau tus ces tsuas yog kiv taub hau xwb.
Bosch yog ib tug kws kos duab ntawm nws lub sij hawm thiab ib txwm succumbed rau nws lub hwj chim. Thiab nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm nws yog kev cai los kos txhua yam.
Nws yog txaus los qhib ib phau ntawv los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Bosch kom ntseeg tau ntawm dominance ntawm no style ntawm daim duab los ntawm kev kos duab ntawm ntau cov ntsiab lus.
Nov tsuas yog ob nplooj ntawv los ntawm Teev ntawm Anne ntawm Brittany.
Cov paintings ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog yog ib yam li ua hauj lwm tawm mus rau qhov tsawg tshaj plaws nthuav dav. Peb ntseeg qhov no los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov haujlwm ntawm Jan van Eyck thiab Robert Kampen. Kuv tau sau txog cov duab ntawm lub tom kawg "Saint Barbara" nyob rau hauv kom meej ntxiv nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm "7 paintings ntawm Prado Tsev khaws puav pheej tsim nyog pom".
Bosch txoj haujlwm tsis yog qhov txawv txav thiab txawv txawv rau nws cov neeg kawm. Thiab lwm tus neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm nws lub sijhawm siv ntau cov ntsiab lus, cov cim thiab cov tsiaj tsis paub hauv lawv cov haujlwm.
Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias Bosch nqus tau ntau heev los ntawm nws cov neeg kawm tiav thiab hloov mus rau nws cov duab, ib tug yuav tsum them se rau nws cov neeg txawj ntse. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog tus tswv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev ua cim thiab cov lus tsis sib xws, txawm tias nws lub sijhawm.
Hais txog Bosch cov duab "Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Delights" kuj tau nyeem tsab xov xwm:
"7 Qhov Tsis Txaus Ntseeg Tsis Txaus Ntseeg ntawm Lub Vaj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Tshaj"
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Комментарии lwm tus nyeem saib hauv qab no. Lawv feem ntau yog ib qho zoo ntxiv rau ib tsab xov xwm. Koj tseem tuaj yeem qhia koj qhov kev xav txog kev kos duab thiab tus kws kos duab, nrog rau nug tus sau lo lus nug.
Sau ntawv cia Ncua