Linear foundations nyob rau hauv painting. Main secrets
Txheem:
Feem ntau ntawm paintings thiab frescoes nyob rau hauv 500 xyoo dhau los tau tsim raws li cov cai ntawm linear foundations. Nws yog nws uas pab tig 2D qhov chaw rau hauv 3D duab. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam tsim lub illusion ntawm qhov tob. Tab sis nyob deb ntawm ib txwm, cov masters ua raws li tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm kev tsim kev xav.
Cia peb saib ob peb tus masterpieces thiab saib seb cov kws ua yeeb yam tau tsim qhov chaw li cas los ntawm kev pom ntawm cov sijhawm sib txawv. Thiab vim li cas qee zaum lawv tau ua txhaum qee yam ntawm nws txoj cai.
Leonardo da Vinci. Noj hmo kawg
Thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ncaj qha linear foundations tau tsim. Yog hais tias ua ntej cov kws ua yeeb yam tsim qhov chaw intuitively, los ntawm qhov muag, ces nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMXth lawv kawm yuav ua li cas los tsim nws lej kom raug.
Leonardo da Vinci thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMXth twb paub zoo kawg nkaus yuav ua li cas los tsim qhov chaw ntawm lub dav hlau. Ntawm nws lub fresco "The Last Supper" peb pom qhov no. Kev pom kab yog ib qho yooj yim los kos raws cov kab ntawm lub qab nthab thiab kab hlau rhuav. Lawv txuas ntawm ib qho chaw ploj mus. Los ntawm tib lub ntsiab lus hla txoj kab tav toj, lossis kab ntawm lub qhov muag.
Thaum lub qab ntug tiag tiag tau piav qhia hauv daim duab, kab ntawm lub qhov muag tsuas yog hla ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm ntuj ceeb tsheej thiab lub ntiaj teb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm cov cim. Tag nrho cov no peb saib hauv Leonardo lub fresco.
Lub ntsiab lus ploj mus yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm Tswv Yexus. Thiab txoj kab ntawm lub qab ntug dhau los ntawm nws ob lub qhov muag, thiab dhau ntawm qhov muag ntawm ib co ntawm cov thwj tim.
Qhov no yog phau ntawv kev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw, ua raws li cov cai ntawm DIRECT linear foundations.
Thiab qhov chaw no yog qhov chaw nruab nrab. Lub qab ntug kab thiab txoj kab ntsug hla dhau qhov chaw ploj mus faib qhov chaw mus rau 4 qhov sib npaug! Qhov kev tsim kho zoo li no qhia txog lub ntiaj teb kev xav ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd nrog lub siab xav kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb thiab sib npaug.
Tom qab ntawd, xws li kev tsim kho yuav tshwm sim tsawg dua. Rau cov kws ua yeeb yam, qhov no yuav zoo li yooj yim heev rau kev daws teeb meem. Lawv btshuab thiab hloov txoj kab ntsug nrog qhov chaw ploj mus. Thiab tsa lossis txo lub qab ntug.
Txawm hais tias peb muab ib daim qauv ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Raphael Morgen, tsim nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm lub XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries, peb yuav pom tias nws yuav tsis tau ... tiv taus xws li centricity thiab hloov lub qab ntug kab siab dua!
Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, tsim ib qho chaw zoo li Leonardo's yog ib qho zoo kawg nkaus hauv kev pleev xim. Thaum txhua yam raug txheeb xyuas kom raug thiab zoo kawg nkaus.
Yog li cia saib seb qhov chaw tau piav qhia ua ntej Leonardo. Thiab yog vim li cas nws "Liab Hmo Hmo" zoo li ib yam dab tsi tshwj xeeb.
antique fresco
Ancient artists depicted qhov chaw intuitively, siv lub thiaj li hu ua observational foundations. Yog vim li ntawd peb pom pom tseeb qhov yuam kev. Yog tias peb kos cov kab kev pom raws facades thiab qhov chaw, peb yuav pom ntau li peb lub ntsiab lus ploj mus thiab peb kab qab ntug.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tag nrho cov kab yuav tsum sib sau ua ke ntawm ib qho chaw, uas nyob rau ntawm tib txoj kab nruab nrab. Tab sis txij li qhov chaw tau tsim intuitively, tsis paub txog lej hauv paus, nws tig tawm zoo li ntawd.
Tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem hais tias nws mob qhov muag. Qhov tseeb yog tias tag nrho cov ntsiab lus vanishing nyob rau tib txoj kab ntsug. Cov duab yog symmetrical, thiab cov ntsiab lus yuav luag tib yam ntawm ob sab ntawm txoj kab ntsug. Qhov no yog dab tsi ua rau fresco sib npaug thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj.
Qhov tseeb, xws li cov duab ntawm qhov chaw yog ze rau qhov kev xav ntawm ntuj tsim. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog tias ib tug neeg tuaj yeem saib ntawm lub nroog ntawm ib qho taw tes, sawv ntsug. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev no peb tuaj yeem pom dab tsi lej linear foundations muab rau peb.
Tom qab tag nrho, koj tuaj yeem saib tib lub toj roob hauv pes xws li sawv, lossis zaum, lossis los ntawm lub sam thiaj ntawm lub tsev. Thiab tom qab ntawd lub qab ntug kab yog qis dua los yog siab dua ... Qhov no yog qhov peb saib ntawm ib qho antique fresco.
Tab sis nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub antique fresco thiab Leonardo's Last Supper muaj ntau txheej ntawm kos duab. Iconography.
Qhov chaw ntawm cov cim tau piav qhia txawv. Kuv thov kom mus saib Rublev's "Holy Trinity".
Andrei Rublev. Vaj Ntsujplig.
Saib ntawm Rublev's "Holy Trinity" icon, peb tam sim ntawd pom ib qho tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom nyob rau hauv nws foreground yog kom meej tsis kos raws li cov kev cai ntawm ncaj linear foundations.
Yog tias koj kos cov kab kev xav ntawm sab laug footstool, lawv yuav txuas deb dhau ntawm lub cim. Qhov no yog qhov hu ua REVERSE linear foundations. Thaum qhov deb ntawm qhov khoom dav dua qhov ze dua rau tus saib.
Tab sis txoj kab kev xav ntawm qhov sawv ntawm sab xis yuav tsis cuam tshuam: lawv yog tib yam rau ib leeg. Qhov no yog AXONOMETRIC linear foundations, thaum cov khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis heev elongated nyob rau hauv qhov tob, yog depicted nrog ob sab mus rau ib leeg.
Vim li cas Rublev piav txog cov khoom no?
Academician B.V. Raushenbakh nyob rau hauv lub 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX tau kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tib neeg lub zeem muag thiab kos xim rau ib tug feature. Thaum peb sawv ze rau ntawm ib qho khoom, peb pom nws nyob rau hauv qhov kev xav rov qab me ntsis, lossis lwm yam peb tsis pom qhov kev hloov pauv. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ob sab ntawm cov khoom ze tshaj plaws rau peb zoo li me ntsis me dua qhov deb, lossis nws sab pom zoo ib yam. Qhov no txhua yam siv rau kev soj ntsuam kev pom thiab.
Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov no yog vim li cas cov menyuam yaus feem ntau kos cov khoom hauv qhov kev xav rov qab. Thiab lawv kuj pom cov duab tas luav nrog qhov chaw yooj yim dua! Koj pom: cov khoom los ntawm Soviet cartoons yog piav nyob rau hauv no txoj kev.
Artists intuitively guessed txog qhov no feature ntawm lub zeem muag ntev ua ntej Rauschenbach lub discovery.
Yog li, tus tswv ntawm lub xyoo pua XIX tau tsim qhov chaw, nws yuav zoo li, raws li tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm kev ncaj qha linear foundations. Tab sis xyuam xim rau lub pob zeb nyob rau hauv lub foreground. Nws yog depicted nyob rau hauv lub teeb rov qab foundations!
Tus kws kos duab siv ob qho tib si ncaj qha thiab rov qab kev xav hauv ib qho haujlwm. Thiab feem ntau, Rublev ua tib yam!
Yog hais tias lub foreground ntawm lub icon yog depicted nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev soj ntsuam foundations, ces nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm lub icon lub tsev yog depicted raws li cov kev cai ntawm ... ncaj qha foundations!
Zoo li tus tswv thaum ub, Rublev ua haujlwm intuitively. Yog li ntawd, muaj ob kab ntawm qhov muag. Peb saib cov kab thiab nkag mus rau lub portico los ntawm tib theem (qhov muag kab 1). Tab sis ntawm lub qab nthab ib feem ntawm lub portico - los ntawm lwm yam (qhov muag kab 2). Tab sis nws tseem yog qhov kev xav ncaj qha.
Tam sim no ceev ceev mus rau lub xyoo pua 100th. Los ntawm qhov no, txoj kev xav pom tau zoo heev tau kawm: ntau dua XNUMX xyoo tau dhau los txij li lub sijhawm Leonardo. Cia peb saib seb nws tau siv los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.
Jan Vermeer. Suab paj nruag zaj lus qhia
Nws yog tseeb hais tias cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMXth twb masterfully mastered linear foundations.
Pom li cas sab xis ntawm daim duab los ntawm Jan Vermeer (mus rau sab xis ntawm txoj kab ntsug) me dua li sab laug?
Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv Leonardo "Lavxias noj hmo" kab ntsug yog raws nraim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, ces nyob rau hauv Vermeer nws twb hloov mus rau sab xis. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev xav ntawm Leonardo tuaj yeem hu ua CENTRAL, thiab Vermeer - SIDE.
Vim qhov sib txawv no, hauv Vermeer peb pom ob phab ntsa ntawm chav tsev, hauv Leonardo - peb.
Qhov tseeb, txij li xyoo pua XNUMXth, thaj chaw feem ntau tau piav qhia hauv txoj kev no, nrog kev pab los ntawm LATERAL linear foundations. Yog li ntawd, chav los yog chav tsev zoo li muaj tiag. Leonardo lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog qhov tsawg dua.
Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm Leonardo thiab Vermeer.
Nyob rau hauv Lub Kaum Ob Hlis, peb saib ncaj nraim ntawm lub rooj. Tsis muaj lwm cov rooj tog zaum hauv chav. Thiab yog tias muaj ib lub rooj zaum ntawm sab, muab pov rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis rau peb? Tseeb tiag, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov kev cog lus kab yuav mus qhov twg tshaj lub fresco ...
Yog lawm, hauv txhua chav, txhua yam, raws li txoj cai, yog qhov nyuaj dua li Leonardo's. Yog li ntawd, kuj muaj qhov kev xav ntawm ANGULAR.
Leonardo muaj nws dawb huv FRONTAL. Nws kos npe tsuas yog ib qho chaw ploj mus, nyob hauv daim duab. Tag nrho cov kab kev pom sib ntsib hauv nws.
Tab sis hauv Vermeer chav peb pom ib lub rooj zaum sawv. Thiab yog tias koj kos cov kab cog lus raws nws lub rooj zaum, lawv yuav txuas rau qhov chaw sab nraum lub canvas!
Thiab tam sim no xyuam xim rau hauv pem teb ntawm Vermeer txoj haujlwm!
Yog tias koj kos kab raws ob sab ntawm cov squares, ces cov kab yuav converge ... kuj sab nraum daim duab. Cov kab no yuav muaj lawv tus kheej cov ntsiab lus ploj mus. Tab sis! Txhua kab yuav nyob rau tib txoj kab nruab nrab.
Yog li, Vermeer txuas qhov kev pom ntawm frontal nrog lub kaum sab xis. Thiab lub rooj zaum kuj tau qhia nrog kev pab los ntawm kev pom angular. Thiab nws txoj kab kev xav tau sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov chaw ploj mus ntawm ib txoj kab qab ntug. Ua lej zoo nkauj npaum li cas!
Feem ntau, siv lub qab ntug kab thiab cov ntsiab lus ploj mus, nws yooj yim heev los kos ib qho hauv pem teb hauv lub tawb. Qhov no yog qhov hu ua daim phiaj kev xav. Nws ib txwm hloov tawm heev tiag tiag thiab spectacular.
Thiab nws yog los ntawm hauv pem teb no nws yog ib qho yooj yim to taub tias daim duab tau pleev xim ua ntej lub sij hawm ntawm Leonardo. Vim tias tsis paub yuav ua li cas los tsim ib daim phiaj kev xav, hauv pem teb ib txwm zoo li txav mus rau qhov chaw. Feem ntau, tsis tshua muaj tiag.
Tam sim no cia peb txav mus rau tom ntej, lub xyoo pua XNUMXth.
Jean Antoine Watteau: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? Cov kos npe ntawm Gersin lub khw.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMXth, linear foundations tau mastered rau perfection. Qhov no tau pom meej meej hauv qhov piv txwv ntawm Watteau txoj haujlwm.
Zoo meej tsim qhov chaw. Zoo siab ua haujlwm nrog. Tag nrho cov kab kev pom txuas ntawm ib qho chaw ploj mus.
Tab sis muaj ib qho nthuav dav heev hauv daim duab ...
Ua tib zoo saib lub thawv nyob rau sab laug ces kaum. Nyob rau hauv nws, ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm gallery muab ib daim duab rau tus neeg yuav khoom.
Yog tias koj kos cov kab kev pom raws nws ob sab, ces lawv yuav txuas rau ... kab txawv ntawm ob lub qhov muag!
Tseeb tiag, ib sab ntawm nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse, thiab lwm yam yog yuav luag perpendicular rau kab ntawm ob lub qhov muag. Yog koj pom qhov no ces koj yuav tsis quav ntsej txog qhov kev txawv no.
Yog li vim li cas tus kws kos duab tau mus rau qhov pom tseeb ua txhaum cai ntawm txoj cai ntawm txoj kev xav?
Txij li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Leonardo, nws tau paub tias linear foundations muaj peev xwm ho distort cov duab ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub foreground (qhov twg txoj kev xaav mus rau lub vanishing point ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb ntse kaum).
Qhov no yog ib qho yooj yim pom nyob rau hauv daim duab no xyoo pua XNUMXth.
Lub hauv paus ntawm kab ntawm sab xis yog square (nrog rau sab sib npaug). Tab sis vim muaj zog txoj kab nqes ntawm txoj kab ntawm txoj kab kev pom, qhov kev xav tau tsim tias lawv yog cov duab plaub! Rau tib lub laj thawj, cov kab, puag ncig hauv txoj kab uas hla, ntawm sab laug tshwm ellipsoidal.
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev xav, lub puag ncig saum ntawm kab ntawm sab laug yuav tsum tau distorted thiab tig mus rau hauv ellipsoids. Tab sis tus kws kos duab tau piav qhia lawv li puag ncig, siv qhov kev xav pom.
Ib yam li ntawd, Watteau tau ua txhaum txoj cai. Yog hais tias nws tau ua txhua yam yog lawm, ces lub thawv yuav tig tawm mus rau sab nraub qaum.
Yog li, cov kws ua yeeb yam rov qab mus rau qhov kev soj ntsuam kev xav thiab tsom mus rau qhov kev kawm yuav zoo li cas ntau dua. Thiab txhob txwm tshaj tawm mus rau qee qhov kev ua txhaum cai.
Tam sim no cia peb txav mus rau xyoo pua XNUMXth. Thiab lub sij hawm no cia saib yuav ua li cas tus kws kos duab Lavxias teb sab Ilya Repin ua ke cov kab thiab kev soj ntsuam kev pom.
Ilya Repin. Tsis tau tos.
Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, tus kws kos duab tsim qhov chaw raws li lub tswv yim classical. Tsuas yog qhov ntsug yog hloov mus rau sab laug. Thiab yog tias koj nco qab, cov kws ua yeeb yam tom qab lub sijhawm ntawm Leonardo sim zam kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus "muab" cov heroes nyob rau hauv txoj cai phab ntsa.
Tsis tas li ntawd nco ntsoov tias lub taub hau ntawm ob lub cim tseem ceeb - tus tub thiab leej niam - yog nyob rau hauv lub kaum sab xis. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm kev pom kab khiav raws qab nthab kab mus rau lub vanishing point. Qhov no qhia txog kev sib raug zoo tshwj xeeb thiab txawm tias, ib tus yuav hais tias, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov cim.
Thiab tseem saib yuav ua li cas ntse Ilya Repin daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev pom kev cuam tshuam hauv qab ntawm daim duab. Ntawm sab xis, nws tso cov khoom sib npaug. Yog li, tsis tas yuav tsim dab tsi nrog cov ces kaum, raws li Watteau tau ua nrog nws lub thawv.
Thiab Repin ua rau lwm kauj ruam nthuav. Yog tias peb kos cov kab kev pom nyob hauv pem teb, peb tau txais qee yam txawv!
Lawv yuav tsis koom ntawm ib qho chaw ploj mus!
Tus kws kos duab txhob txwm xaiv los siv qhov kev soj ntsuam. Yog li ntawd, qhov chaw zoo li nthuav ntau, tsis yog li schematic.
Thiab tam sim no peb tsiv mus rau lub xyoo pua XNUMXth. Kuv xav tias koj twb twv tias cov masters ntawm lub xyoo pua no tsis tshwj xeeb yog sawv ntawm ceremony nrog qhov chaw. Peb yuav ntseeg qhov no los ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Matisse.
Henri Matisse. Rooj cob qhia liab.
Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag nws yog tseeb hais tias Henri Matisse depicted qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev. Nws pom tseeb tawm ntawm cov canons tsim rov qab rau hauv Renaissance. Yog lawm, Watteau thiab Repin kuj tau ua qee qhov tsis raug. Tab sis Matisse kom meej meej ua raws qee lub hom phiaj.
Nws yog tam sim ntawd pom tseeb tias Matisse qhia qee yam ntawm cov khoom hauv kev pom ncaj qha (lub rooj), thiab qee qhov rov qab (lub rooj zaum thiab lub hauv siab ntawm drawers).
Tab sis cov yam ntxwv tsis xaus rau ntawd. Cia peb kos cov kab kev xav ntawm lub rooj, lub rooj zaum thiab daim duab ntawm phab ntsa sab laug.
Thiab ces peb tam sim ntawd pom peb horizons. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog sab nraum daim duab. Kuj tseem muaj peb qhov ntsug!
Vim li cas Matisse ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau heev?
Thov nco ntsoov tias thaum xub thawj lub rooj zaum zoo li coj txawv txawv. Raws li yog hais tias peb tab tom saib lub sab sauv crossbar ntawm nws nraub qaum los ntawm sab laug. Thiab rau qhov seem ntawm qhov - ntawm sab xis. Tam sim no saib cov khoom ntawm lub rooj.
Lub tais dag zoo li peb tab tom saib los ntawm saum toj no. Cov xaum me ntsis tig rov qab. Tab sis peb pom ib lub vase thiab ib khob ntawm sab.
Peb tuaj yeem nco ntsoov tib qhov tsis zoo hauv qhov kev piav qhia ntawm cov duab. Cov uas dai saum peb ncaj nraim. Zoo li yawg moos. Tab sis cov paintings tiv thaiv phab ntsa yog depicted me ntsis sideways, zoo li yog hais tias peb tab tom saib lawv los ntawm sab xis ntawm chav tsev.
Zoo li Matisse tsis xav kom peb tshawb xyuas chav tsev los ntawm ib qho chaw, los ntawm ib lub kaum sab xis. Nws zoo nkaus li coj peb mus ncig ntawm chav!
Yog li ntawd, peb mus rau lub rooj, khoov lub tais thiab tshuaj xyuas nws. Taug kev ncig lub rooj zaum. Tom qab ntawd peb mus rau ntawm phab ntsa deb thiab saib cov duab kos uas tau dai. Tom qab ntawd lawv poob lawv qhov muag ntsia mus rau sab laug, ntawm cov haujlwm sawv hauv pem teb. Lwm yam
Nws hloov tawm tias Matisse tsis ua txhaum txoj kev xav! Nws tsuas yog piav qhia qhov chaw ntawm qhov sib txawv, los ntawm qhov siab sib txawv.
Pom zoo, nws yog mesmerizing. Zoo li yog chav los rau txoj sia, ntim peb. Thiab cov xim liab ntawm no tsuas yog txhim kho cov nyhuv no. Xim pab qhov chaw kos peb hauv ...
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Nws ib txwm tshwm sim li ntawd. Ua ntej, cov kev cai raug tsim. Ces lawv pib rhuav lawv. txaj muag thaum xub thawj, ces siab tawv. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog, ntawm chav kawm, qhov kawg ntawm nws tus kheej. Qhov no pab qhia lub ntiaj teb kev pom ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Rau Leonardo, qhov no yog lub siab xav kom sib npaug thiab sib haum xeeb. Thiab rau Matisse - txav thiab lub ntiaj teb ci ntsa iab.
Hais txog lub secrets ntawm lub tsev qhov chaw - nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm "Chaw muag mis nyuj ntawm ib tug kos duab Critic".
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Ua tsaug tshwj xeeb rau kev pab sau tsab xov xwm rau Sergey Cherepakhin. Nws yog nws lub peev xwm los daws cov nuances ntawm kev pom kev tsim kho hauv kev pleev xim uas tau tshoov kuv lub siab los tsim cov ntawv no. Nws tau los ua nws tus kws sau ntawv.
Yog tias koj txaus siab rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev xav, sau rau Sergey (cherepahin.kd@gmail.com). Nws yuav zoo siab los qhia nws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub ncauj lus no (nrog rau cov duab kos uas tau hais hauv kab lus no).
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Yog tias kuv qhov kev nthuav qhia yog nyob ze rau koj thiab koj xav kawm kev kos duab, kuv tuaj yeem xa koj cov lus qhia dawb los ntawm kev xa ntawv. Ua li no, sau ib daim ntawv yooj yim ntawm qhov txuas no.
Комментарии lwm tus nyeem saib hauv qab no. Lawv feem ntau yog ib qho zoo ntxiv rau ib tsab xov xwm. Koj tseem tuaj yeem qhia koj qhov kev xav txog kev kos duab thiab tus kws kos duab, nrog rau nug tus sau lo lus nug.
Cov chav kawm kos duab online
English version
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Txuas mus rau reproductions:
Sau ntawv cia Ncua