Portraits ntawm Raphael. Cov phooj ywg, lovers, patrons
Txheem:
Raphael nyob hauv ib lub sijhawm thaum cov duab puv ntsej muag nyuam qhuav tshwm sim hauv Ltalis. Qee 20-30 xyoo ua ntej ntawd, cov neeg nyob hauv Florence lossis Rome tau piav qhia nruj me ntsis hauv profile. Los yog cov neeg siv khoom tau piav qhia txhos caug ua ntej tus neeg dawb huv. Hom portrait no hu ua tus pub portrait. Txawm tias ua ntej lawm, portrait li ib hom ntawv nyeem tsis muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho.
Nyob rau sab qaum teb Europe, thawj portraits, suav nrog lub ntsej muag puv, tau tshwm sim 50 xyoo dhau los, qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv ltalis daim duab ntawm ib tug neeg tsis tau txais tos ntev. Txij li thaum nws yog lub cim ntawm kev sib cais los ntawm pab neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, lub siab xav ua rau nws tus kheej muaj zog dua.
Raphael immortalized nws tus kheej. Thiab nws tau pab nws tus phooj ywg, tus hlub, tus thawj coj tseem ceeb thiab ntau tus neeg nyob hauv ntau pua xyoo.
1. Tus kheej-portrait. 1506
Nyeem txog Raphael hauv kab lus "Lub Renaissance. 6 tus kws tshaj lij Italian zoo ".
Nyeem txog nws lub npe nrov tshaj plaws Madonnas hauv kab lus "Madonnas los ntawm Raphael. 5 lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj tshaj plaws.
site “Diary of painting. Hauv txhua daim duab muaj qhov paub tsis meej, txoj hmoo, lus. "
"data-medium-file="https://i1.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/image-11.jpeg?fit=563%2C768&ssl=1″ data-large-file="https://i1.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/image-11.jpeg?fit=563%2C768&ssl=1" loading ="lazy" class="wp-image-3182 size-thumbnail" title="Portraits of Raphael. Cov phooj ywg, cov phooj ywg, cov neeg saib xyuas" src="https://i2.wp.com/arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/image-11-480×640.jpeg?resize=480%2C640&ssl = 1″ alt =» Cov duab ntawm Raphael. Cov phooj ywg, lovers, patrons" width="480" height="640" data-recalc-dims="1" />
Ib tus kheej-portrait tuaj yeem qhia ntau yam txog tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kws kos duab. Nco ntsoov tias cov xim ci li cas Raphael hlub. Tab sis nws piav txog nws tus kheej hnav ris tsho dub. Tsuas yog lub tsho dawb protrudes los ntawm hauv qab lub caftan dub. Qhov no qhia meej txog nws kev coj ncaj ncees. Hais txog qhov tsis muaj kev khav theeb thiab khav theeb. Qhov no yog li cas nws contemporaries piav nws.
Vasari, tus kws sau keeb kwm Renaissance masters piav Raphael li no: "Txoj kev nws tus kheej tau muab rau nws nrog qhov kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev ua siab zoo uas qee zaum tshwm sim hauv cov neeg uas sib xyaw ua ke tshwj xeeb thiab muaj lub siab xav ..."
Nws zoo siab rau sab nraud. Yog tsim txiaj. Tsuas yog tus neeg zoo li no tuaj yeem pleev xim rau Madonnas zoo nkauj tshaj plaws. Yog hais tias lawv xav hais tias ib tug poj niam zoo nkauj ntawm lub siab thiab lub cev, ces lawv feem ntau hais tias "zoo nkauj, zoo li Raphael's Madonna".
Nyeem txog cov duab zoo nkauj no hauv kab lus. Raphael's Madonnas. 5 lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj tshaj plaws.
2. Agnolo Doni thiab Maddalena Strozzi. 1506
Agnolo Doni yog ib tug neeg ua lag luam uas muaj nyiaj los ntawm Florence. Nws yog ib tug nyiam kos duab. Rafael rau nws tus kheej tshoob, nws xaj ib daim duab ntawm nws tus kheej thiab ib daim duab ntawm nws tus poj niam hluas.
Tib lub sijhawm, Leonardo da Vinci nyob thiab ua haujlwm hauv Florence. Nws portraits ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau Raphael. Nws yog nyob rau hauv kab tshoob portraits ntawm Doni nkawm niam txiv uas muaj zog ntawm da Vinci tau hnov. Maddalena Strozzi nco qab Mona Lisa.
Tib tig. Tib txhais tes yog folded. Tsuas yog Leonardo da Vinci tsim twilight hauv daim duab. Raphael, ntawm qhov tod tes, tseem muaj kev ntseeg siab rau cov xim ci thiab toj roob hauv pes ntawm nws tus xib fwb. Perugino.
Vasari, ib tug niaj hnub ntawm Raphael thiab Agnolo Doni, tau sau hais tias tom kawg yog ib tug txiv neej nyuaj siab. Tib yam uas nws tsis tseg nyiaj rau yog kos duab. Feem ntau nws yuav tsum tau tshem tawm. Rafael paub nws tus kheej tsim nyog thiab thov rau nws txoj haujlwm tag nrho.
Ib rooj plaub paub. Thaum Rafael ua tiav qhov kev txiav txim rau ntau lub frescoes hauv tsev ntawm Agostino Chigi. Raws li kev pom zoo, nws yuav tsum tau them 500 ecu. Tom qab ua tiav ntawm txoj haujlwm, tus kws kos duab thov kom tau nyiaj ntau dua ob zaug. Cov neeg siv khoom tsis meej pem.
Nws nug Michelangelo kom pom cov frescoes thiab muab nws lub tswv yim xa tawm. Puas yog cov frescoes tiag tiag muaj nqis npaum li Raphael nug. Chigi suav nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm Michelangelo. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tsis nyiam lwm tus kws kos duab. Raphael suav nrog.
Michelangelo tsis tuaj yeem coj los ntawm kev ua phem. Thiab txaus siab rau txoj haujlwm. taw tes rau ntawm lub taub hau ntawm ib tug sibyl (soothsayer), nws hais tias lub taub hau no ib leeg muaj nqis 100 ecu. Tus so, hauv nws lub tswv yim, tsis yog phem dua.
3. Portrait ntawm Pope Julius II. 1511
Nyeem txog lub portrait ntawm Pope thiab nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Raphael nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm "Portraits ntawm Raphael. Cov phooj ywg, lovers, patrons. "
site “Diary of painting. Hauv txhua daim duab muaj ib zaj dab neeg, txoj hmoo, tsis paub. "
"data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/image-22.jpeg?fit=565%2C768&ssl=1″ data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/image-22.jpeg?fit=565%2C768&ssl=1" loading ="lazy" class="wp-image-3358 size-thumbnail" title="Portraits of Raphael. Cov phooj ywg, cov phooj ywg, cov neeg saib xyuas" src="https://i2.wp.com/arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/image-22-480×640.jpeg?resize=480%2C640&ssl = 1″ alt =» Cov duab ntawm Raphael. Cov phooj ywg, lovers, patrons" width="480" height="640" data-recalc-dims="1" />
Pope Julius II ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Raphael. Nws ua tiav Pope Alexander VI, Borgia. Nws nto moo rau nws kev debauchery, khib nyiab thiab nepotism. Txog rau tam sim no, lub Koom Txoos Catholic suav tias nws txoj kev kav yog lub sijhawm tsis muaj hmoo hauv keeb kwm ntawm papacy.
Julius II yog qhov txawv ntawm nws tus thawj coj. Muaj hwj chim thiab muaj lub siab xav, txawm li ntawd los nws tsis ua rau muaj kev khib lossis kev ntxub ntxaug. Txij li thaum tag nrho nws cov kev txiav txim siab tsuas yog coj mus rau hauv tus account cov kev txaus siab. Nws yeej tsis tau siv hwj chim rau nws tus kheej. tau muab lub txhab nyiaj ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntxiv. Nws siv ntau heev rau kev kos duab. Ua tsaug rau nws, cov kws ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau ua haujlwm hauv Vatican. Xws li Raphael thiab Michelangelo.
Nws tso siab rau Raphael pleev xim rau ntau lub tsev ntawm Vatican. Nws zoo siab heev los ntawm kev txawj ntawm Raphael uas nws tau hais kom ntxuav tawm cov frescoes ntawm cov tswv yav dhau los hauv ob peb chav ntxiv. Rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Raphael.
Tau kawg, Raphael tsis tuaj yeem pab tab sis pleev xim ib daim duab ntawm Pope Julius II. Ua ntej peb yog ib tug txiv neej laus heev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws ob lub qhov muag tsis poob lawv qhov kev nruj thiab kev ncaj ncees. Cov duab no thiaj li ntaus Raphael cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig uas cov neeg dhau los ntawm nws tshee hnyo zoo li ua ntej muaj sia nyob.
4. Portrait ntawm Baldassare Castiglione. 1514-1515 : kuv
Nyeem txog cov duab no hauv kab lus “Portraits of Raphael. Cov phooj ywg, lovers, patrons. "
site "Chaw muag mis nyuj ntawm painting: nyob rau hauv txhua daim duab - keeb kwm, txoj hmoo, paub tsis meej".
"data-medium-file="https://i1.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/image-21.jpeg?fit=595%2C741&ssl=1″ data-large-file="https://i1.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/image-21.jpeg?fit=617%2C768&ssl=1" loading ="lazy" class="wp-image-3355 size-thumbnail" title="Portraits of Raphael. Cov phooj ywg, cov phooj ywg, cov neeg saib xyuas" src="https://i0.wp.com/arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/image-21-480×640.jpeg?resize=480%2C640&ssl = 1″ alt =» Cov duab ntawm Raphael. Cov phooj ywg, lovers, patrons" width="480" height="640" data-recalc-dims="1" />
Raphael yog ib tug neeg zoo siab tham nrog. Tsis zoo li ntau lwm tus kws ua yeeb yam, kev sib cais yeej tsis yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm nws. Qhib tus plig. Lub siab zoo. Tsis xav tias nws muaj phooj ywg coob.
Ib tug ntawm lawv nws depicted nyob rau hauv lub portrait. Nrog Baldassare Castiglione, tus kws kos duab yug thiab loj hlob hauv tib lub nroog Urbino. Lawv tau ntsib dua hauv Rome xyoo 1512. Castiglione tuaj txog ntawd ua tus Ambassador ntawm Duke of Urbino hauv Rome (thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, yuav luag txhua lub nroog yog ib lub xeev cais: Urbino, Rome, Florence).
Hauv daim duab no, yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi los ntawm Perugino thiab da Vinci. Rafael tsim nws tus kheej style. Nyob rau hauv ib tug tsaus nti uniform keeb kwm yav dhau, ib tug incredibly tiag tiag duab. Lub qhov muag zoo nkauj heev. Pose, khaub ncaws hais ntau txog tus cwj pwm ntawm cov duab.
Castiglione yog ib tug diplomat tiag tiag. Ua siab ntev, xav. Tsis tau tsa nws lub suab. Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas Raphael qhia nws hauv grey-dub. Cov no yog cov xim ntse uas nyob nruab nrab hauv lub ntiaj teb uas cov xim ci sib tw. Qhov ntawd yog Castiglione. Nws yog ib tug txawj nruab nrab ntawm cov opposites.
Castiglione tsis nyiam sab nrauv glamour. Yog li ntawd, nws cov khaub ncaws yog noble, tab sis tsis flashy. Tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus ntxiv. Tsis txhob lo lo ntxhuav los yog satin. Tsuas yog ib tug me me plaub nyob rau hauv lub beret.
Nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv "Nyob rau Courtier" Castiglione sau hais tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau ib tug neeg muaj koob muaj npe yog qhov ntsuas hauv txhua yam. "Ib tug neeg yuav tsum coj tus cwj pwm me ntsis dua li nws txoj hauj lwm hauv zej zog tso cai."
Nws yog qhov kev coj ncaj ncees nobility ntawm tus neeg sawv cev kaj Renaissance thiab tswj kom dhau Rafael.
5. Donna Velata. 1515-1516 : kuv
Nyeem txog nws hauv tsab xov xwm "Fornarina Rafael. Zaj dab neeg ntawm kev hlub thiab kev sib yuav zais cia. "
site “Diary of painting. Hauv txhua daim duab muaj ib zaj dab neeg, txoj hmoo, tsis paub. "
"data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/image-28.jpeg?fit=595%2C766&ssl=1″ data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/image-28.jpeg?fit=600%2C772&ssl=1" loading ="lazy" class="wp-image-3369 size-thumbnail" title="Portraits of Raphael. Cov phooj ywg, cov phooj ywg, cov neeg saib xyuas" src="https://i2.wp.com/arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/image-28-480×640.jpeg?resize=480%2C640&ssl = 1″ alt =» Cov duab ntawm Raphael. Cov phooj ywg, lovers, patrons" width="480" height="640" data-recalc-dims="1" />
Cov duab ntawm Donna Velata yog pleev xim rau tib yam li cov duab ntawm Castiglione. Thaum kawg ntawm kev txawj ntse. Li ntawv ib xyoos lossis ob xyoos ua ntej nws tau sau Sistine Madonna. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog ib tug cus ciav, sensual thiab zoo nkauj ntiaj teb poj niam.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias tus poj niam zoo li cas tau piav qhia hauv daim duab. Kuv xav tiag tiag xav txog ob versions.
Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib daim duab ntawm ib qho kev zoo nkauj uas tsis muaj nyob. Tom qab tag nrho, Raphael tsim cov duab ntawm nws nto moo Madonna. Raws li nws tus kheej tau sau rau nws tus phooj ywg Baldassara Castiglione, "cov poj niam zoo nkauj yog ob peb tus kws txiav txim zoo." Yog li ntawd, nws raug yuam kom sau tsis yog los ntawm xwm, tab sis xav txog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj. Tsuas yog kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov poj niam nyob ib puag ncig nws.
Qhov thib ob, ntau romantic version hais tias Donna Velata yog Raphael tus hlub. Tej zaum nws yog hais txog daim duab no uas Vasari sau tias: "Tus poj niam uas nws hlub heev txog thaum nws tuag, thiab nws tau pleev xim rau ib daim duab zoo nkauj heev, uas nws tag nrho rau nws, zoo li tseem muaj sia nyob."
Ntau hais tias tus poj niam no nyob ze nws. Tsis xav tias Raphael yuav sau ntxiv ib tug ntawm nws portraits ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd. Nyob rau tib lub pose. Nrog tib pearl hniav nyiaj hniav kub nyob rau hauv nws cov plaub hau. Tab sis liab qab-chested. Thiab raws li nws tau muab tawm thaum lub sijhawm kho dua tshiab hauv 1999, nrog lub nplhaib tshoob ntawm nws tus ntiv tes. Nws tau pleev xim rau ntau pua xyoo.
Vim li cas lub nplhaib pleev xim rau? Puas yog nws txhais tau tias Rafael yuav tus ntxhais no? Nrhiav cov lus teb hauv kab lus Fornarina Raphael. Zaj dab neeg ntawm kev hlub thiab kev sib yuav zais cia”.
Raphael tsim tsis ntau li ntawd portraits. Nws nyob tsawg dhau. Nws tuag thaum 37, hnub yug. Hmoov tsis zoo, lub neej ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse feem ntau luv luv.
Nyeem kuj txog Raphael hauv tsab xov xwm Raphael Madonnas: 5 Lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj tshaj plaws.
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Комментарии lwm tus nyeem saib hauv qab no. Lawv feem ntau yog ib qho zoo ntxiv rau ib tsab xov xwm. Koj tseem tuaj yeem qhia koj qhov kev xav txog kev kos duab thiab tus kws kos duab, nrog rau nug tus sau lo lus nug.
Sau ntawv cia Ncua