» Kho kom zoo nkauj » Ruby yog lub pov haum liab

Ruby yog lub pov haum liab

Tshaj tawm los ntawm:
Kho tshiab:

Ruby yog lub pov haum liab

Ruby yog ib qho ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov laus tshaj plaws, tsis tshua muaj thiab hwm cov gemstones, feem ntau hu ua "king of gems". Lub npe Ruby los ntawm lo lus "rubeus", uas txhais tau tias "liab" hauv Latin. Hauv Sanskrit thaum ub, ruby ​​​​yog txhais ua "ratnaraj", uas txhais tau tias "tus huab tais ntawm pob zeb muaj nuj nqis." Yog tias peb tab tom nrhiav lub pob zeb liab zoo nkauj, ruby ​​​​yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Vim nws hardness, durability, brilliance thiab rarity, nws yog cov feem ntau coveted gemstone tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov poj niam tab sis kuj rau cov txiv neej. 

Ruby yog lub pov haum liabruby khoom

Ruby yog liab ntau yam ntawm corundum. Txij li lub ruby ​​​​thiab sapphire zoo ib yam hauv txhua yam khoom tshwj tsis yog xim, ruby ​​tuaj yeem hais tias yog liab sapphire. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb ntxim nyiam thiab qhov tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm, ruby ​​​​ib txwm tau muab cais ua lub pov haum hauv nws txoj cai. Cuaj ntawm Mohs nplai txhais tau hais tias ruby ​​​​(corundum) tsuas yog thib ob rau pob zeb diamond hauv hardness. Ruby, zoo li sapphire, yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm pleochroism (qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov xim nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub teeb) thiab luminescence. Kev suav nrog pom hauv rubies qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm lub pob zeb. Piv txwv li, Burmese rubies muaj luv luv rutile koob. Ruby crystallization tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib ntsiav tshuaj, bipyramidal los yog pas nrig-zoo li daim ntawv nrog ib tug hexagonal puag.  

Vim li cas ruby ​​liab?Ruby yog lub pov haum liab

 Raws li koj paub, corundum yog cov ntxhia tsis muaj xim. Qhov no yog ib qho additive nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug chromium keeb. ua rau rubies liab. Qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom no, cov xim yuav khaus ntau dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, ruby ​​​​fluorescence kuj yog vim chromium, uas ua rau cov xim muaj zog. Ib qho tseem ceeb tseem pom nyob rau hauv rubies yog hlau. Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov ntau nws yog, qhov tsawg dua qhov ci ntawm lub pob zeb thiab cov xim tsaus. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm sapphires thiab rubies. Nws yog hlau uas "txhim kho" xim xiav ntawm sapphires, tab sis tib lub sij hawm txo qhov kev siv ntawm cov xim liab ruby.  

Ruby xim thiab tus nqi

Ruby yog lub pov haum liab

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm ruby ​​​​uas cuam tshuam rau nws tus nqi yog, ntawm chav kawm, xim. Cov xim ntawm lub ruby ​​txawv ntawm ci liab mus rau tsaus liab doog xim av. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab xav tau xim yog ntshav liab nrog me ntsis bluish tinge. Qhov no hu ua Burmese los yog "" (pigeon blood).  Rubies yuav tsum muaj qhov pom tseeb zoo kom tsim nyog ntawm lub pov haum. Ntawm chav kawm, lub ci ntsa iab ntawm pob zeb kuj tseem ceeb heev, tab sis ruby ​​​​pob zeb yog matte ua ntej polishing. Tsuas yog ib qho kev txiav kom tsim nyog, nyiam dua faceted, muab rubies qhov tseeb sparkle, thiab tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus pom nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej xim. Tus nqi zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntuj rubies mus txog $ 100 ib carat. Raws li rau tus nqi, ruby ​​​​yog ib qho ntawm ob peb lub pob zeb uas nws tus nqi tuaj yeem nce los ntawm qhov tsim nyog suav nrog. Cov rutile me me skates tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub teeb nyob rau hauv txoj kev uas lub hnub qub nyhuv yuav pom ntawm pob zeb.  

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm rubies - qhov twg lawv feem ntau mined?Ruby yog lub pov haum liab

 Ruby feem ntau pom hauv Afghanistan, Cambodia, Is Nrias teb, Kenya, Madagascar thiab Sri Lanka, nrog rau Pakistan, Tanzania thiab Thaib teb. Hmoov tsis zoo, rubies tshaj 5 carats yog qhov tsawg heev, thiab rubies tshaj 10 carats yog heev, tsawg heev. Vim lub fact tias ruby ​​​​thiab sapphire yog corundum, lawv qhov tshwm sim kuj zoo sib xws. Lawv feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb metamorphic, nyob rau hauv txheej ntawm marble. Lawv kuj tshwm sim hauv pob zeb basalt, tab sis cov uas tau los ntawm cov pob zeb no muaj cov hlau tsis huv ntau dua li cov pob zeb marble, ua rau lawv tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig vim yog xim "uglier". Hauv ntau qhov chaw thoob ntiaj teb koj tuaj yeem pom rubies nrog cov xim sib txawv ntawm cov xim liab, txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem qhia los ntawm cov xim uas ruby ​​los ntawm cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw muaj ib tug loj seem ntawm ruby ​​​​. Crystals. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog Burmese rubies uas suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, thiab nws muaj qhov rubies nrog cov xim ntawm "pigeon blood" feem ntau tshwm sim. 

Ruby hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab lwm yam siv rau lub pob zeb no

Ruby yog lub pov haum liab

Ruby yeej ib txwm ua lub cim ntawm kev hlub thiab kev ntshaw.Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ruby ​​nrov heev. Raws li koj paub, ruby ​​​​yog ib lub pob zeb muaj txiaj ntsig, yog li nws yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig. Daj kub, dawb kub, sawv kub lossis platinum - tag nrho cov hlau no ua ke zoo nkauj nrog liab corundum. Ruby ​​rings txawv txawv lossis ruby ​​​​earrings yog khoom plig rau txhua lub sijhawm, thiab rubies loj nrog me me ntawm kev suav nrog tuaj yeem tsim nyog ntau lab daus las. Qhov zoo nkauj liab corundum no raug txiav tib yam li pob zeb diamond, tab sis feem ntau cov pob zeb loj yog "hauv qab" ntawm pob zeb, yog li lub ruby ​​​​ntawm tib pawg yuav tshwm me dua li pob zeb diamond. Nws yog feem ntau pom nrog ib tug ci ntsa iab puag ncig txiav. Ruby yog lub pob zeb zoo tshaj plaws rau hnav txhua hnub.Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau khaws cia hauv siab: zam kev sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj thiab tsis txhob raug kub hnyiab. Ruby rings lossis lwm cov khoom siv ruby ​​​​pob zeb yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog txhuam hniav mos thiab dej xab npum me me. Koj tuaj yeem siv lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws ultrasonic kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Ntxiv nrog rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, rubies yog siv hauv watchmaking, los tsim cov watch bearings. Lawv kuj tau siv los tsim cov khoom ntawm cov cuab yeej refractory, thiab vim tsis muaj coefficient ntawm thermal expansion thiab siab hardness, lawv kuj tau siv nyob rau hauv mandrels ntawm kev sib koom tes ntsuas tshuab.  

Legends thiab kho cov khoom ntawm rubyRuby yog lub pov haum liab

Vim yog xim liab tsaus lub ruby ​​​​tau ntev tau cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Nws ntseeg tau tias yuav txhim kho lub zog, kev paub, kev ua siab loj, kev muaj nyiaj, kev zoo siab hauv kev hlub thiab kev tiv thaiv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Nws kuj ua cim kev vam meej. Ruby tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj nuj nqis hauv cov tebchaws Esxias. Nws tau muag raws Txoj Kev Silk Northern hauv Suav teb thaum ntxov li 200 BC. Cov nom tswv Suav tau hnav lawv cov ris tsho nrog rubies, vim lawv ntseeg tias lub pov haum no yuav muab kev tiv thaiv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Lawv kuj tau faus rubies nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev kom lawv tus kheej thiab lawv tsev neeg zoo siab. Cov Hindus thaum ub ntseeg tias lawv yuav rov los ua huab tais yog tias lawv muab rubies rau tus vajtswv Krishna. Hauv kev ntseeg Hindu, hluav taws kub hnyiab nrog rubies kub hnyiab heev uas nws xav tias yuav ua rau dej npau. Greek cov lus dab neeg hais tias lub tshav kub ntawm lub ruby ​​​​tuaj yeem yaj cov quav ciab. Cov tub rog Burmese tau cog cov rubies rau hauv lawv lub cev kom tiv thaiv lawv thiab muaj zog. Ntau haiv neeg kuj tau qhuas lub ruby ​​​​yog lub cim ntawm kev hlub thiab kev mob siab rau, yog lub pob zeb muaj txiaj ntsig uas ua rau lub siab xav, txhim kho lub zog zoo, thiab lav kev noj qab haus huv, kev txawj ntse, kev nplua nuj, thiab kev vam meej hauv kev hlub. Ruby yog qhov khoom plig zoo tshaj plaws rau cov neeg yug hauv Lub Xya Hli, nrog rau cov neeg yug los nyob rau hauv lub cim ntawm Aries, thiab rau kev ua koob tsheej ntawm 15th thiab 40th hnub ua tshoob. Rubies tau ntev tau suav tias yog kev kho kom zoo nkauj tshoob kos, khoom plig uas qhia txog kev vam meej. Raws li ntau tus neeg uas xav siv lwm yam tshuaj, ruby ​​​​tuaj yeem txo qhov mob ntawm tus txha nraub qaum, ntxiv dag zog rau lub plawv, txhawb cov ntshav ncig lossis txo qhov muag qaug zog.

Nto moo thiab loj tshaj rubies

Ruby yog lub pov haum liab32.4 lab nyiaj daus las - tus nqi uas lub nplhaib ruby ​​tau muag. Lub pob zeb hnyav 25.59 carats, uas yog $ 1,266,901 ib carat. Kev sib tw tau tshwm sim rau lub Tsib Hlis 12 thiab tau muab cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi tshiab rau lub pob zeb xim.

Lub hnub qub ruby, cabochon txiav (pav ca, convex toj) - Rosser Reeves lub hnub qub hnyav 138,72 carats, pom hauv Sri Lanka. Tam sim no nyob rau ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Natural History (Smithsonian Institution) hauv Washington.

Ruby yog lub pov haum liab

Elizabeth Taylor ib zaug tau muab lub nplhaib ruby ​​​​thiab pob zeb diamond. (yees duab txoj cai) Ib qho khoom plig festive los ntawm Richard Burton thiab Harry Winston tsim cov khau khiab zoo nkauj hauv kev hwm ntawm 50th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab "The Wizard of Oz". (duab duab ntawm sab laug) Tau kawg, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem hais txog Ntxhais fuabtais Mary ntawm Denmark, uas yog tus tswv zoo nkauj zoo nkauj tiara nrog rubies thiab lub caj dab ruby ​​​​zoo kawg nkaus.

Synthetic rubies, uas yog, cov khoom sib npaug ntawm rubies.

Synthetic ruby, uas tuaj yeem siv tau rau hauv kev lag luam hniav nyiaj hniav kub, twb tau tsim nyob rau ntawm lub thib kaum ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX thiab thib XNUMX. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm Fabkis chemist Verneuil, txawm li cas los xij, tso siab rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm nws cov thawj coj. Raws li nrog rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws sapphires, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev. Ntau lub tuam txhab muaj lawv tus kheej txoj kev uas lawv tiv thaiv thiab tsis qhia rau leej twg. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim cov hluavtaws ruby ​​tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom kev. Fusion manufacturing, nyob rau hauv uas cov khoom siv hmoov yog rhuab mus rau lub xeev ua kua thiab ces solidified rau hauv ib daim ntawv crystalline. Txoj kev thib ob yog kev tsim cov "kev daws teeb meem" qhov twg alumina yuav tsum muaj, uas tsis muaj xim, thiab chromium, uas cuam tshuam cov xim. Alumina thiab chromium yog yaj nyob rau hauv lwm yam khoom thiab raug crystallization. Txoj kev Verneuil thiab Chochralski yog cov kev siv ntau tshaj plaws los tsim rubies los ntawm cov khoom siv hmoov. Ob txoj kev loj hlob hydrothermal thiab txoj kev loj hlob ntws yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov "kev daws teeb meem".

Ruby yog lub pov haum liabSynthetic ruby ​​​​- nqi

Verneuil's "flame melting" txoj kev tsim cov rubies pheej yig tshaj plaws, uas yog siv rau hauv bearings lossis hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub pheej yig heev. Txoj kev Chochralski, lub npe hu ua Ruby, yog siv rau lasers, thiab lawv nqa tus nqi ntawm ib ncig ntawm $ 5 ib carat. Flux Growth rubies raug nqi ntau npaum li $ 50 ib carat thiab siv rau hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, thaum txoj kev hydrothermal, tsawg dua, yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam uas yuav tsum tau degreased crystals.

Yuav ua li cas kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ib tug hluavtaws ruby ​​​​los ntawm ib tug natural?

Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws, ntawm chav kawm, yog nyob rau hauv lub tshuab tsom iav, uas yuav qhia rau peb paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev suav nrog, npuas thiab kab txaij. Nrog rau cov cuab yeej zoo, tus kws paub zoo gemologist yuav tsis tsuas yog tuaj yeem qhia lub pob zeb dag los ntawm lub ntuj, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem qhia qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub pob zeb los ntawm, yog tias nws yog ntuj, lossis los ntawm txoj kev twg. tau tsim, yog tias nws yog ntuj. hluavtaws. Nws yog tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias hluavtaws rubies muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam lossis zoo ib yam li cov pob zeb ntuj. Xwm yuav tsis tsim ib lub pob zeb zoo meej, yog li yog tias peb tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog ib qho thiab tus nqi txaus nyiam heev, ceev faj thiab xav txog nws lub pob zeb hluavtaws.  

Tshawb xyuas peb sau txog kev paub txog txhua lub pov haum siv rau hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub

  • Pob zeb diamond / Pob zeb diamond
  • Ruby
  • amethyst
  • Aquamarine
  • Agate
  • ametrine
  • Sapphire
  • Emerald
  • Topaz
  • Tsimofan
  • Jadeite
  • morganite
  • zoo li
  • Peridot
  • Alexandrite
  • Heliodor