Cov khoom thiab qhov zoo ntawm hematite
Txheem:
Ntau heev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, hematite kuj pom nyob rau hauv ntau nyob rau Mars. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug liab hmoov, nws xim rau tag nrho cov ntiaj chaw. Muaj cov cheeb tsam ntawm Mars uas tau them rau hauv hematites nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hlau loj loj grey crystals, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb xav tsis thoob, vim tias ntau zaus tshaj qhov tsis, nws yog qhov kev ntxhib los mos uas yuav tsum tau raug dej thaum nws tsim. Tom qab ntawd daim ntawv qub ntawm lub neej, tsob ntoo, tsiaj lossis lwm yam ua tau ...
Hematite, tej zaum qhia txog lub neej ntawm Mars, tau nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm tib neeg av txij thaum ntxov ua ntej keeb kwm. Kev poob siab hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, " cia kuv ua ib yam dab tsi tej zaum yuav scaly los yog mos heev, npub los yog ci iab. Nws cov xim kuj dag peb zoo li hluav taws hauv qab tshauv, liab feem ntau muab zais tom qab grey thiab dub.
Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab cov khoom ua los ntawm hematite
Mineralogical yam ntxwv ntawm hematite
Hematite, uas yog tsim los ntawm oxygen thiab hlau, yog ib qho oxide. Yog li, nws coexists nrog lub prestigious rubies thiab sapphires, tab sis tsis muaj tib lub hauv paus los yog tib yam rarity. Nws yog ib qho hlau ore ntau heev. Nws tshwm sim hauv cov pob zeb sedimentary, hauv cov pob zeb metamorphic (cov qauv uas tau hloov pauv nrog qhov nce hauv qhov kub thiab txias), nyob rau hauv hydrothermal ib puag ncig, lossis hauv volcanic fumaroles. Cov ntsiab lus hlau hauv nws yog me ntsis qis dua li ntawm magnetite, nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag 70%.
Lub hardness ntawm hematite yog nruab nrab (los ntawm 5 mus rau 6 ntawm 10-point scale). Nws yog infusible thiab haum rau acids. Los ntawm npub mus rau xim hlau luster, nws muaj qhov pom tsis zoo nrog feem ntau grey, dub, lossis xim av hues, qee zaum nrog reddish reflections. Lub finer grained ntau yam, qhov ntau liab yog tam sim no.
Qhov tshwj xeeb no tau tshwm sim thaum saib cov kab ntawm hematite, uas yog, cov kab laug sab laug tom qab kev sib txhuam ntawm cov plooj (porcelain) (rov qab sab ntawm cov pobzeb). Txawm tias muaj xim, hematite ib txwm tawm ntawm cherry liab los yog xim av xim av precipitate. Lub cim tshwj xeeb no qhia nws qhov tseeb.
Hematite, tsis zoo li lub npe hu ua magnetite, tsis yog hlau nplaum, tab sis tuaj yeem ua tsis muaj zog sib nqus thaum rhuab. Lub pob zeb ua yuam kev hu ua "magnetic hematites" yog qhov tseeb "hematines" tau los ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm tag nrho.
apparence
Cov tsos ntawm hematite sib txawv heev nyob ntawm seb muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog nws qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, nws qhov chaw, thiab qhov kub thiab txias tam sim no thaum lub sijhawm tsim. Peb saib daim hlau nyias los yog tuab, cov pob zeb loj, txhua kab, luv crystals, thiab lwm yam. Qee cov ntawv tshwj xeeb heev uas lawv muaj lawv tus kheej lub npe:
- Rosa de Fer: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? rosette-shaped micaceous hematite, ib qho amazing thiab tsis tshua muaj scaly aggregate.
- Specularity: iav-zoo li hematite, nws cov ci ntsa iab lenticular zoo li pom lub teeb.
- L'oligist: zoo tsim siv lead ua, ornamental ntxhia zoo heev.
- Rooj tog: clayey thiab earthy daim ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm me me thiab mos nplej, siv raws li ib tug pigment txij li thaum prehistoric lub sij hawm.
Kev suav nrog hematite hauv lwm lub pob zeb xws li rutile, jasper lossis quartz muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab nrhiav tau zoo heev. Peb kuj paub qhov zoo nkauj heliolite, hu ua sunstone, uas ci ntsa iab vim muaj hematite flakes.
Pov thawj
Qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws hematite crystals tau mined hauv Brazil. Cov miners tau pom qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hematite dub thiab daj rutile hauv Itabira, Minas Gerais. Kuj tseem muaj ib qho tsis tshua muaj itabirite, uas yog mica schist uas mica flakes hloov los ntawm hematite.
Lwm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb tsim khoom lossis tseem ceeb suav nrog: North America (Michigan, Minnesota, Lake Superior), Venezuela, South Africa, Liberia, Australia, New Zealand, Tuam Tshoj, Bangladesh, Is Nrias teb, Russia, Ukraine, Sweden, Ltalis (Elba Island), Switzerland (St. Gotthard), Fabkis ( Puis de la Tache, Auvergne. Framont-Grandfontaine, Vosges. Bourg-d'Oisans, Alps).
Etymology thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub npe "hematite".
Hauv Fabkis nws yog qee zaum hu ua yooj yim ntshav pob zeb. Hauv German, hematite kuj hu ua ntshav ntshav. English sib npaug kab mob heliotrope tseg raukab mob heliotrope, peb pom nws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm hematite hauv teb chaws hais lus Askiv.
Cov lapidaries ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog hu nws "hematite"los yog qee zaum"koj puas nyiamYog li tsis meej pem nrog amethyst yog ua tau. Tom qab ntawd nws tau hu ua hematite pob zeb.
Da dej oligarch, feem ntau tshwj tseg rau hematite hauv cov muaju loj, feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX los xa mus rau hematite feem ntau. René-Just Gahuy, tus kws kho tsiaj nto moo, tau muab nws lub npe, muab los ntawm Greek. oligist, uas txhais tau tias " tsawg heev ". Qhov no puas yog ib qho lus qhia ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsej muag ntawm cov siv lead ua lossis nws cov ntsiab lus hlau? Kev xav tau muab faib.
Hematite hauv keeb kwm
Nyob rau hauv prehistory
Thawj cov kws kos duab yog Homo sapiens, thiab thawj cov xim yog ocher. Ntev ua ntej lub sijhawm no, hematite nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm liab ocher yeej siv los kho lub cev. Lub siab xav kos rau ntawm qhov nruab nrab uas tsis yog nws tus kheej lossis ib tus neeg txheeb ze tau tshwm sim nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem: crushing pob zeb thiab dissolve lawv nyob rau hauv dej los yog rog.
Cov nyuj thiab reindeer nyob rau hauv Chauvet Qhov tsua (txog 30.000 xyoo) thiab Lascaux Cave (txog 20.000 xyoo) yog kos thiab pleev xim rau liab ocher. Nws yog sau los yog tau los ntawm cua sov goethite, ntau ntau daj ocher. Thawj hematite mines tau siv tom qab, nyob ib ncig ntawm 10.000 xyoo dhau los.
Nyob rau hauv Persian, Babylonian thiab Egyptian kev vam meej
Cov Persian thiab Babylonian kev vam meej siv grey hematite thiab tej zaum tau ntaus nqi hwj chim rau nws. vim tias cov khoom siv no lub tog raj kheej-mascots feem ntau ua. Tshwj xeeb, cov thooj voos kheej kheej me me hnub rov qab mus rau 4.000 BC tau pom. Lawv tau kos nrog cov cim cuneiform, lawv raug pierced raws axis rau hnav ib ncig ntawm caj dab.
Cov neeg Iyiv tau kos cov hematite thiab suav tias yog pob zeb muaj nuj nqis., cov pob zeb zoo nkauj tshaj plaws yog mined ntawm ntug dej ntawm Nile thiab hauv cov mines ntawm Nubia. Cov poj niam nplua nuj Iyiv tau kos daim iav los ntawm cov hematite ci ntsa iab thiab pleev xim rau lawv daim di ncauj nrog liab ocher. Hematite hmoov kuj pab tshem tawm cov teebmeem uas tsis xav tau: kab mob, yeeb ncuab thiab dab phem. Peb kis tau txhua qhov chaw, nyiam dua nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov rooj.
Diluted hematite yog qhov muag pom zoo. Ib daim duab ntawm lub qhov ntxa ntawm Deir el-Medina hauv Thebes qhia qhov chaw tsim kho ntawm lub tuam tsev. Peb pom ib tus neeg ua haujlwm raug mob qhov muag raug kho los ntawm tus kws kho mob nrog nws lub khob thiab cov twj paj nruag. Siv lub stylus, tus kws tshawb fawb tso lub qhov muag liab hematite rau hauv tus neeg mob lub qhov muag.
Nyob rau hauv Greek thiab Roman antiquity
Cov Greeks thiab Loos ntaus nqi tib yam virtues rau hematite, raws li lawv siv nyob rau hauv crushed daim ntawv "kom soothe twitching ntawm lub qhov muag." Cov cuab yeej no rov ua dua tshiab, ntaus nqi rau hematite hauv keeb kwm yav dhau los, tuaj yeem taug qab rov qab mus rau cov lus dab neeg ntawm lub pob zeb zoo heev hu ua lapis zib (Medes pob zeb). Cov Medes, ib qho kev vam meej thaum ub nyob ze rau cov Persians, yuav tsum muaj ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb ntsuab thiab dub hematite uas muaj peev xwm rov ua kom pom kev rau cov neeg dig muag thiab kho gout los ntawm soaking hauv yaj cov kua mis.
Pulverized hematite kuj kho tau kub hnyiab, kab mob siab, thiab zoo li muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg raug mob uas los ntshav hauv tshav rog. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm vinegar rau hemoptysis, spleen kab mob, gynecological los ntshav, thiab tiv thaiv tshuaj lom thiab nab tom.
Hematite kuj tseem yuav coj tau lwm yam txiaj ntsig tsis tau xav txog. Nws qhib lub ntxiab ntawm barbarians ua ntej, nyiam cuam tshuam hauv kev thov hais rau cov thawj coj, thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev hais plaub ntug thiab tsev hais plaub.
Liab ocher xim xim Greek cov tuam tsev thiab cov duab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws. Cov neeg Loos hu ua rubric (hauv nruab nrab Fabkis nws tseem hu ua rubric rau lub sijhawm ntev). Theophrastus, ib tug tub kawm ntawm Aristotle, piav txog hematite " ntom thiab tawv sib xws, uas, txiav txim los ntawm lub npe, muaj cov ntshav petrified. ", nyob zoo Virgil thiab Pliny ua kev zoo siab rau kev zoo nkauj thiab kev nplua nuj ntawm hematites los ntawm Ethiopia thiab cov kob ntawm Elba.
Hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog
Nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, hmoov hematite feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ib hom xim tshwj xeeb - grisaille. Stained iav qhov rais, cov masterpieces ntawm peb Gothic cathedrals thiab cov tsev teev ntuj, yog ua los ntawm cov xim no rau iav. Nws txoj kev loj hlob yog hloov maj mam thiab nyuaj, tab sis kom muab nws yooj yim, nws yog ib qho sib xyaw ntawm cov hmoov xim thiab cov iav fusible, kuj yog hmoov, khi los ntawm cov kua (wine, vinegar, los yog cov zis).
Txij li thaum xyoo pua XNUMX, cov kev cob qhia tau tsim cov xim iav tshiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog raws li hematite, sanguine "Jean Cousin", uas yog siv los pleev xim lub ntsej muag ntawm cov cim. Tom qab ntawd, crayons thiab xaum tau ua los ntawm nws, uas tau nrov heev thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance. Leonardo da Vinci siv lawv rau nws qhov kev npaj ua haujlwm, thiab txawm tias niaj hnub no, cov chalk liab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua kom pom kev zoo nkauj thiab cov cua sov uas tawm los ntawm lawv. Lub zog ntau yam ntawm hematite yog siv rau hauv polishing ntawm hlau, nws yog hu ua "polishing pob zeb".
Jean de Mandeville, tus kws sau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMXth lapidary Rhiav, qhia peb txog lwm yam kev tsim txiaj ntawm hematite. Muaj kev txuas ntxiv nrog cov lus qhia ntawm hematite hauv Antiquity:
« Sub-liab pob zeb ntawm hlau xim nrog ib tug admixture ntawm cov ntshav streaks. We esmoult les cuteaulx ( riam sharpening), peb ua cawv zoo heev rau esclarsir la veüe (vision). Cov hmoov ntawm lub pob zeb no nrog beüe (xiav) dej kho cov neeg ntuav ntshav los ntawm qhov ncauj. Siv tau zoo tiv thaiv kab mob gout, ua rau cov poj niam rog nqa lawv cov menyuam mus rau lub sijhawm, kho cov ntshav emoroids, tswj cov poj niam tso tawm (hemorrhagic menstruation), zoo tiv thaiv nab tom, thiab thaum qaug dej qaug cawv yog zoo tiv thaiv lub zais zis pob zeb. »
Niaj hnub no
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XX, Duke de Chaulnes, ib tug naturalist thiab chemist, hais rau peb hais tias hematite yog siv nyob rau hauv lub composition ntawm "Martian liqueur aperitif". Kuj tseem muaj hematite "styptic cawv" (astringent), "magisterium" (mineral potion), hematite roj thiab tshuaj!
Cov lus qhia zaum kawg los sau txog nws cov txiaj ntsig yog "kub maj mam, ob peb npuas, tsis muaj ntxiv lawm. Tom qab ntawd nws tau ntxuav ob peb zaug, txawm tias nws tsis tau raug rho tawm haujlwm ua ntej, vim tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog thiab qhov zoo ntawm kev ntxuav thiab tsis raug hluav taws xob hematite. "
Qhov zoo thiab cov khoom ntawm hematite hauv lithotherapy
Hematite, bloodstone, tsis usurp nws lub npe. Hlau oxide, uas yog ib feem ntawm nws, kuj circulates nyob rau hauv peb cov ntshav thiab xim peb lub neej nyob rau hauv liab. Hlau deficiency ua rau anemia thiab ua rau qaug zog, pallor, tsis muaj zog. Hematite tsis quav ntsej cov kev tsis txaus siab no, nws muaj dynamism, suab nrov thiab tseem ceeb hauv kev cia. Nws muab cov lus teb rau txhua yam kab mob ntshav thiab muaj ntau lwm yam kev txawj ntse hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lithotherapy.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Hematite rau lub cev mob
Hematite yog siv nyob rau hauv lithotherapy vim nws restorative, tonic thiab cleansing zog. Pom zoo tshwj xeeb rau kev kho mob Cov xwm txheej muaj feem xyuam rau cov ntshav, qhov txhab kho, cell regeneration thiab kho cov txheej txheem feem ntau.
- Sib ntaus sib tua kab mob: varicose leeg, hemorrhoids, Raynaud's kab mob
- Relieves migraines thiab lwm yam mob taub hau
- Regulates ntshav siab
- Stimulates hlau nqus (anemia)
- ntxuav cov ntshav
- Detoxify lub siab
- Activates lub raum ua haujlwm
- Hemostatic nyhuv (hnyav ua poj niam, los ntshav)
- Txhawb nqa qhov txhab kho thiab rov tsim dua tshiab ntawm tes
- daws hematomas
- Soothes cov tsos mob ntawm spasmophilia (convulsions, restlessness)
- Soothes qhov muag teeb meem (khaus khaus, conjunctivitis)
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm hematite rau lub hlwb thiab kev sib raug zoo
Pob zeb ntawm kev txhawb nqa thiab kev sib haum xeeb, hematite yog siv nyob rau hauv lithotherapy vim nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lub hlwb ntawm ntau qib. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tiasPairs zoo heev nrog Rose Quartz.
- Restores siab tawv, zog thiab optimism
- Txhawb kev paub txog tus kheej thiab lwm tus
- Txhim khu kev ntseeg
- Ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab rau tus kheej thiab lub siab xav
- Txo cov poj niam txaj muag
- Ua kom concentration thiab nco
- Yooj yim rau kev kawm txog kev kawm txuj ci thiab lej
- Pab kov yeej kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj thiab kev quab yuam (kev haus luam yeeb, cawv, bulimia, thiab lwm yam)
- Txo cov domineering thiab npau taws tus cwj pwm
- Soothes ntshai thiab txhawb kev pw tsaug zog
Hematite harmonizes tag nrho cov chakras, nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txuam nrog cov nram qab no chakras: 1st chakra rasina (muladhara chakra), 2nd dawb huv chakra (svadisthana chakra) thiab 4th chakra lub plawv (anahata chakra).
Cleansing thiab recharge
Hematite yog purified los ntawm immersing nws nyob rau hauv ib khob los yog earthen hlab ntim nrogdistilled los yog maj mam salted dej. Nws tsuas yog reloading lub hnub los yog ntawm ib pawg ntawm quartz los yog sab hauv amethyst geode.
Sau ntawv cia Ncua